Incandescent deadline is approaching. Edison invented the lighting technology, has served for mankind for 130 years, still has not changed much, the time from the historical stage.
Whether the European Union, the United States or China, in turn, launched a road map out of incandescent. A road map of China, from October 1, 2012, a total ban on the sale and import of more than 100w incandescent; four years thereafter, in turn eliminated the incandescent lamps of different power until 2016, more than 15w incandescent completely exit lighting market.
Lighting revolution
The industry view, the development of a new generation of lighting technology of war has begun, the LED lamp is a general trend, the entire industry in the fight for the commanding heights of the LED technology.
Electrical Contractor magazine for the nation\\ s 700 construction electrical contractors survey shows that 33% of electrical contractors that LEDs are ready to replace incandescent lamps, 23% of contractors said that the LED will be ready to replace the compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), 19% of respondents said LEDs to replace fluorescent lamps.
LED is the abbreviation of the light-emitting diodes, essentially it is a solid state semiconductor devices, can be converted directly into electricity to light. Back in the sixties of the last century, the General Electric Company invented the LED. In the 1970s, the red LED is the first in the small calculators and electronic watches are widely used. In the next few decades, blue, red, green and other colored LED stage lights, lights, display, landscape lighting. But they could not play a role in everyone\\ s living room, until the white LED was developed in 1996, LED technology began to cause changes in the field of home lighting.
Compared to incandescent tungsten light, fluorescent trichromatic LED, LED use of electric light, the efficiency is quite high - it will be about 25% -40% of the electrical energy into light, and incandescent lamps can only less than 10% electrical energy into light, and the rest is converted into heat energy wasted.
In China, lighting consumes about 12% of the overall power consumption, improve electricity for lighting is an important way of energy saving, energy-saving lighting, the key is to improve the efficiency of electrical energy into light, and reduce the loss of the lamp itself, taking into account climate change and energy shortages large background, LED lights are of course able to attract global attention - the same luminous efficiency, LED lights 80% energy than incandescent.
As a new generation of green light source, LED light source in addition to environmental protection, energy, and its service life is also very long, up to tens of thousands of hours, 10 times longer life than traditional light sources. Compared to traditional light bulbs, the LED light closer to natural light, this light irradiation, the color of an object closer to its true nature.
Electron motion and light-emitting LED light source spectrum, ultraviolet and infrared, and thus will not have a flash frequency and radiation protective effects on the eye.
Energy-saving lamps defeated
LED technology in lighting industry has developed a variety of energy-saving lamps, which the fluorescent lamp is one of the leaders, especially compact fluorescent lamps available, once the new hope to replace incandescent.
In the 1990s, the energy crisis sweeping the globe, consumers are starting to welcome the energy-efficient lighting technology, compared with ordinary incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps can save about 60 percent of the electricity, it is also known as energy-saving lamps.
Although its price is higher than the traditional incandescent lamp, a 25w incandescent bulb price is 2-3 yuan, the price of the 10w energy saving lamps of the same luminous efficiency is about 12 yuan, but the Governments of the subsidies and electricity savings Let the consumer backward energy-saving lamps. In 2010, the Chinese Ministry of Finance to provide 600 million yuan of subsidies to promote energy-saving lamps of 120 million, is expected to save 6.2 billion kilowatts of electricity. For two consecutive years, the Wuhan municipal government to provide subsidies to provide the public with half-price energy-saving lamps. In addition to the extensive use of energy-saving lamps in public facilities, the U.S. government is to distribute energy-saving light bulbs free of charge to the public from time to time.
Since the beginning of the new century, the fluorescent and incandescent rival. The world in 2008 the total output of compact fluorescent lamps have been more than 4 billion.
But now it seems, fluorescent lamps is just a transitional product, \"Connection\" magazine and even compact fluorescent lamps pollute the environment, flashing, ugly, are not strong enough, as a future light source, they have to defeat.
Indeed, fluorescent lamps can not adjust the brightness of the light, and 100-120 times per second to produce the stroboscopic more harm eyes. In addition, the best interval between switches for fluorescent lamps ten minutes, otherwise, it will shorten its useful life - which is obviously not very suitable for frequent every day household lighting switches. Also, its relatively large size, appearance is not very beautiful.
However, it is the most fatal flaw - containing mercury, fluorescent light-emitting principle is the use of mercury vapor in the role of voltage discharge to produce ultraviolet light, UV excitation lamp fluorescent material issued a large number of visible light.
And yet, did not find mercury alternatives. Given the fragile fluorescent tubes, glass, once broken, will cause harm to the human body, air, soil, water. You know, an energy-saving lamps, lamp contains an average of 0.5 milligrams of mercury into the ground 180 tons of water may cause pollution.
China\\ s energy-saving lamp recycling is not optimistic. Before the introduction of garbage classification rules, in addition to the handful of stores such as IKEA Sweden, even in a lot of selling energy-saving lamps furniture building materials supermarket chains, there is no special recycling bins. The irony is that many consumers do not know the battery standard revised, the old batteries have no mercury, no need to discard to the designated places; they saw discarded mercury-containing energy-saving lamps as a common waste disposal. Waste separation pilot, \"hazardous waste\" category in the box, you can also be difficult to find the discarded energy-saving lamps.
Waiting for a breakthrough in LED
Be seen as the future of the LED light has begun to infiltrate the field of mobile phones, televisions, computer screens, automotive lighting. The government is also to support its growth as a breakthrough in public lighting.
But its customers are still growing extremely slow, more consumers, the awareness of LED majority have stayed on the LCD TV. In the field of home lighting, LED difficult to penetrate, incandescent and fluorescent lamps are still dominated, especially in the rural market, incandescent accounted for more than 80% proportion.
LED as a new type of home lighting does not well known, even if GE, Philips, Toshiba and other leading manufacturers have introduced home lighting LED. However, in a sense, they are more like the concept of promotional materials.
Because its current high prices is difficult to swallow, even commercial customers complain. Market three dollars can buy a 40w ordinary incandescent bulbs, Philips 5w LED bulb to be more than 100 yuan, the huge spread not just rely on state subsidies will be able to make up.
In addition to the price gap, wants to be a mature and civil lighting, LED also needs to address several technical challenges.
LED energy-saving, but there is still part of the electrical energy into heat, and heat will be concentrated in a tiny region, if the heat generated can not be timely distributed out, it will accelerate the aging of the LED chip and packaging resin to affect the service life of LED The luminous performance, especially high-power LEDs, more heat will be higher demand for cooling.
LED projected to illuminate the whole room light is not easy, and can only illuminate the direction of the LED light source, for the time being more suitable for use as road lamp or flashlight.
LED light decline also makes people a headache, although many LED products marked luminescence lifetime of more than 100,000 hours, but in the practical application might not have such a long life. Continue to lower the light failure will make the LED brightness, once reduced to less than 30% of original brightness is not available.
However, the industry still appears to be very confident that Agilent scientist Roland Haitz, observed from the course of development since the 1965 LED commercialization concluded every 10 years, LED prices will be reduced to one tenth the original performance will increase 20 times, this rule is known in the industry as Haitz law. In other words, in the next 10 years, LED prices to drop to around 10 yuan.
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